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Table 6a. Mean (SD) CD-RISC 25-Item Scores in Groups with Medical Problems
| Authors | Scale | Number | Mean (SD) | Location | Diagnostic group |
| Connor et al (2003) | 25 | 139 | 71.8 (18.4) | USA | Primary care patients |
| Sexton et al (2009) | 25 | 40 | 68.1 (14.3) | USA | Women with infertility |
| Steinhardt et al (2009) | 25 | 16 | 83.1 (8.5) | USA | Patients with diabetes |
| White et al (2010) | 25 | 42 | 82.2 (9.4) | USA | Spinal cord injury |
| Loprinzi et al (2011) | 25 |
12 8 |
73.6(10.1) 78.2(10.5) |
USA | Breast cancer survivors in controlled trial |
| McCauley et al (2013) | 25 |
46 29 |
81.1(21.1) 82.5(16.7) |
USA |
Mild TBI Orthopedic non-head injuries |
| Graham et al (2013) | 25 |
41 26 |
60.6(24.3) 77.7(18.8) |
USA |
OIF/OEF Veterans with TBI Controls without TBI |
| Senders et al (2014) | 25 | 117 | 73.4 (15.8) | USA | Multiple sclerosis |
| Cohen et al (2014) | 25 |
14 42 |
93 (82-93) 87 (76-95) |
USA |
Pre lung transplant Post lung transplant |
| Sexton et al (2015) | 25 | 214 | 76.6(13.6) | USA | Postpartum women |
| Fernandez et al (2015) | 25 | 120 | 72.8(16.0) | USA | End stage liver disease - transplant candidates |
| Kreutzer et al (2016) | 25 | 160 | 76.8(17.3) | USA | Mild TBI |
| Elliot et al (2016) | 25 | 127 | 67.5(20.1) 70.8(19.6) |
USA | TBI +ve OEF/OIF Veterans TBI –ve OIF/OEF Veterans |
| Hanks et al (2016) | 25 | 67 | 75.9 (16.9) | USA | Mild TBI |
| Shin et al (2012) | 25 |
24 12 |
89.9(15.8) 89.4(11.9) |
Korea |
Spinal cord injury males SCI females |
| Min et al (2013) | 25 |
83 69 |
64.5(13.1) 77.1(12.6) |
Korea |
Metastatic cancer with distress Cancer without emotional distress |
| Singh et al (2014) | 25 | 90 | 77.4 HC 55.5 RA 47.7 DEP |
India | Geriatric sample RA < HC; RA > DEP |
| Huang et al (2010) | 25 | 345 | 74.9 (14.8) | Taiwan | Diabetes |
| De Robert et al (2010) | 25 |
37 71 |
77.9 (11.5) 68.8 (12.7) |
Argentina |
Hypertension (HT) Non-HT control Low resilience with chronic stress increased odds for hypertension |
| O’Hanlon et al (2011) |
25 25 |
27 27 |
72.0 (13.5) 70.1 (13.5) |
UK |
Parents with cleft lip/palate Control parents |
| West et al (2012) | 25 |
31 36 |
64.9(15.4) 69.8(16.3) |
Australia |
Chronic pain Family controls |
| Guest et al (2016) | 25 | 88 | 75.8 (14.8) | Australia | Spinal cord injury |
| Kohler & Loh (2016) | 25 | 29 | 73.7 (12.9) | Australia | Geriatric orthopaedic fracture patients |
| Solano & Neto (2012) | 25 |
132 100 103 |
76.3 77.3 75.4 |
Brazil |
Surgical OP pre-anesthesia workup Chronic pain Chronic pain group family controls |
| Solano et al (2016a) | 25 |
20 24 |
74.0 88.5 |
Brazil |
Colorectal cancer with depression Cancer without depression |
| Bodde et al (2013) | 25 | 26 | 73.3(11.7) | Netherlands | Amputees with complex regional pain syndrome type 1. |
| He et al (2013) | 25 | 410 | 67.8 (11.7) | China | Burn injury patients |
| Jiao et al | 25 | 208 | 57.6 (15.9) | China | Methadone maintenance patients |
| Abolghasemi et al (2013) | 25 |
40 40 |
82.1 (13.0) 59.3 (14.2) |
Iran |
Fertility clinic male population – fertile Fertility clinic – infertile males |
| Derakhshanrad et al (2014) | 25 | 63 | 58.4 (15.5) | Iran | Stroke survivors |
| Markovitz et al (2015) |
25 25 |
253 211 |
68.8 (14.6) 68.0 (11.9) |
Belgium |
Breast cancer patients Healthy control women |
| Ristevska-Dimitrovska et al (2015a) | 25 | 218 | 74.7 (17.0) | Macedonia | Breast cancer patients. (see table 4 also) |
| Dubey et al (2015) | 25 | 68 | 74.4 (12.6) | Switzerland | Cancer patients |
| Spies and Seedat (2014) | 25 | 95 | 81.7 | South Africa | Women with HIV |
| Roos et al (2014) | 25 | 142 | 69.5 (17.2) | South Africa | Pregnant women at antenatal clinic |
Table 6b. Mean (SD) CD-RISC 10-Item Scores in Groups with Medical Problems
| Authors | Scale | Number | Mean (SD) | Location | Diagnostic group |
| Wingo et al (2010) | 10 | 792 | 34.0 (median) (0-40 range) | USA | Primary care/gynecology groups |
| Dodd (2010) | 10 | 102 | 32.4(5.4) | USA | Inpatients in rehabilitation post injury |
| Wrenn et al (2011) | 10 |
233 534 |
30 (12) median 35 (8) median |
USA |
PTSD primary care patients Non-PTSD primary care patients |
| Mascolini (2012) | 10 |
42 20 |
27.0 31.0 |
USA |
HIV positive older subjects HIV negative older subjects |
| Bradley et al (2013) | 10 | 971 | 31.6(7.7) | USA | African-American OB/GYN outpatients |
| Lukow et al (2015) | 10 | 96 | 22.0 (8.8) | USA | Mild to severe TBI |
| Rosenberg et al (2015) | 10 | 1782 | 31.4 (6.6) | USA | Hematopoetic cell transplantation survivors |
| Dale et al (2014a) | 10 | 138 | 28.3 (7.8) | USA | HIV +ve women |
| Dale et al (2014b) | 10 | 85 | 29.3(7.8) | USA | HIV +ve women |
| Terrill et al (2016) | 10 | 1862 | 28.0(7.1) | USA | Long term physical disabilities |
Battalio et al (2016) |
10 |
1574 |
29.0(7.0) |
USA |
Neurological disabilities – internet sample |
Carlsen et al (2017) |
10 |
73 |
30.4(5.5) |
USA |
Adolescents with IBD |
Koelmel et al (2016) |
10 |
163 |
26.8(6.2) |
USA |
Multiple sclerosis |
| Scali et al (2012) | 10 | 238 | 27 (22-32 1,3Q) | France | Mammography subjects with and without breast cancer |
Matzka et al (2016) |
10 |
343 |
29.3(7.0) |
Austria |
Cancer patients |
| Kilic et al (2013) | 10 | 60 | 29.5(7.2) | Australia | Spinal cord injury |
| Li et al (2016) | 10 | 231 | 26.9(6.6) | China | Pregnant women |
| Hayter & Dorstyn (2013) | 10 | 97 | 25.6(8.1) | Australia | Spina bifida |
| Black & Dorstyn (2013) | 10 | 196 | 27.0(7.1) | Australia | Multiple sclerosis |
| Lyons et al (2016) | 10 | 357 | 27.0 (7.7) | Australia | HIV+ve gay men |
| Markovitz et al (2014) |
10 10 |
101 107 |
27.6 (5.9) 27.4 (6.8) |
Belgium Belgium |
Breast cancer patients Control women |
| Notario-Pacheco et al (2014) | 10 | 191 | 24.7(10.8) | Spain | Fibromyalgia |
| McGlone (2010) | 10 | 27 | 29.3 (6.2) | Canada | Epilepsy |
Poole et al (2016) |
10 |
3836 |
30.3(7.1) |
Canada |
Primary care population |
Table 6c. Mean (SD) CD-RISC 2-Item Scores in Groups with Medical Problems
| Authors | Scale | Number | Mean (SD) | Location | Diagnostic group |
| Vinaccia and Quiceno (2011) | 2 | 40 | 6.8 (1.8) | Colombia | COPD |
D'Emden et al (2017) |
2 |
151 |
6.1(1,5) |
Australia |
Type 1 diabetes |
| Markovitz et al (2014) | 2 |
101 110 |
6.2 (1.2) 5.9 (1.5) |
Belgium Belgium |
Cancer patients Control women |
Table 7a. Mean (SD) CD-RISC 25-Item Scores in Non-Treatment Seeking Trauma Survivors
| Authors | Scale | Number | Mean (SD) | Location | Comments |
| Morey et al (2009) | 25 | 20 | 83.4 (9.9) | USA | Combat trauma veterans without PTSD |
|
Pietrzak et al
(2009a) Pietrzak et al (2009b) |
25 25 |
272 233 |
73.8 (16.1) 75.5 (1.0 se) |
USA USA |
National Guard soldiers from OIF/OEF OIF/OEF combat veterans |
| McTighe (2009) | 25 | 139 | 75.7 (10.9) | USA | Social workers in the vicinity of terrorist attacks in NYC 9/11/01 |
| New et al (2009) | 25 | 42 |
80.4 (9.5) 82.0 (17.7) 62.3 (23.1) |
USA |
Healthy controls Trauma exposed non-PTSD PTSD |
| Johnson et al (2011) | 25 | 225 | 71.6 (16.2) | USA | Active duty Marines |
| Anderson et al (2012a and b) | 25 | 37 | 75.0 | USA | Women who survived intimate partner abuse |
| Nugent et al (2012) | 25 | 2,915 | 80.8 (17.1) | USA | Traumatized low income African American sample from primary care and OB-GYN clinics |
| Elbogen et al (2012) | 25 | 1,388 | 75.1 (18.3) | USA | Iraq and Afghanistan War veterans |
| Youssef et al (2013b) | 25 | 178 | 76.7(15.7) | USA | Iraq/Afghanistan War veterans followed for three years |
| Daniels et al (2012) | 25 | 70 | 68.9 (15.3) | Canada | Acute trauma survivors (mainly traffic accidents) seen in hospital ED |
| Goldstein et al (2013) | 25 | 93 | 66.9 (16.1) | Canada | Young adults transitioning from welfare |
| Karairmak et al (2010) | 25 | 246 | 70.1 (14.1) | Turkey | Earthquake survivors |
| Bensimon (2012) | 25 | 500 | 67.7 (11.0) | Israel | College students exposed to trauma |
| Fu et al (2013) | 25 | 2132 | 51.9 | China | Children ages 6-16 (mean 11.7) who survived earthquake |
Table 7b. Mean (SD) CD-RISC 10-Item Scores in Non-treatment Seeking Trauma Survivors
| Authors | Scale | N | Mean (SD) | Location | Comments |
| Wang et al (2010) | 10 | 341 | 26.8 (6.3) | China | Schoolteachers affected by earthquake |
| Hammermeister et al (2012) | 10 | 351 | 28.1(0.88) | US | Stryker Battalion combat troops |
Table 7c. Mean (SD) CD-RISC 2-Item Scores in Non-treatment Seeking Trauma Survivors
| Authors | Scale | N | Mean (SD) | Location | Comments |
| Nicholls et al (2006) | 2 | 770 | 5.6 (2.6) | USA | Trauma survivors who contacted Anxiety Disorders Association of America |
| Irmansyah et al (2010) | 2 | 1,466 | 4.67 | Indonesia | Tsunami survivors |
| Osofsy et al (2011) | 2 | 452 | 6.87(2.04) | USA | Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill area residents |
| Davidson & Lee (2015) | 2 | 240 106 134 |
6.87(1.39)All 6.69(1.26) F 6.20(7.0) NF |
USA | Violent trauma survivors in US general population. Random digit dial sample. Forgivers (F) > Non-forgivers (NF). |